Traditionally, the relations among disparate activities of technology production have been viewed as a series of hand-offs along a kind of multi-disciplinary assembly line. On this premise, for example, the role of research is to construct the technological foundations on top of which future devices will be built, including visions of how the future will be. A longstanding mutual dissatisfaction between research and product development arises from the failure of technologies and ideas to "transfer" from one to the other, understood by one side as a failure of development to take advantage of the results of research, by the other as a failure of research to address the needs of development.